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Mathematics and programing

Introduction I have seen a number of competitors complain that they are unfairly disadvantaged because many topcoder problems are too mathematical. Personally, I love mathematics and thus I am biased in this issue. Nevertheless, I strongly believe that problems should contain at least some math, because mathematics and computer science often go hand in hand. It is hard to imagine a world where these two fields could exist without any interaction with each other. These days, a great deal of applied mathematics is performed on computers such as solving large systems of equations and approximating solutions to differential equations for which no closed formula exists. Mathematics is widely used in computer science research, as well as being heavily applied to graph algorithms and areas of computer vision. This article discusses the theory and practical application to some of the more common mathematical constructs. The topics covered are: primes, GCD, basic geometry, bases, fractions and ...
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All the steps in a compilation procees

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The gcc compiler As everybody knows the famous gcc compiler that make source code working as a an executable program so what if we take a look inside the operations and tasks that this compiler do ? Making programs start from an idea in mind of someone that want to transfer this idea into an automatic operations managed by the computer , so coder's start transform this idea using a programming language after they finish doing their codes and writing what they need they move to very important task how make their codes work ? here we need a compiler an eficent program that do our job  the gcc (GNU Compiler Collection  ps: gnu C compiler as the old name of program) have 4 essencials steps  1- PREPROCESSOR :  the first thing compiler do is to take a code written by a humain and remove comments and  implements the macro language used to transform C, C++, and Objective-C programs before they are compiled. It can also be useful on its own. the command to use gcc in jus...
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